Fruit inspection technology, developed by Dr. Yang Tao, solves a problem that defied solution by other researchers for 25 years. It uses infrared and near-infrared imaging to distinguish the stem-end and calyx of fruit from true defects. Earlier infrared systems could not make the distinction and showed everything as defects. In Dr. Tao's machine, the near-infrared camera sees only the stem-end and calyx (flowering end) of the apples. He developed software that subtracts those images from those made simultaneously by a camera that records middle infrared light. Now this machine has been applied in industry.